The advantage can disappear when AI is taken away
Mathematics grades vs no AI · relative change, %
Practice and unaided exams are different stages. GPT Tutor’s exam estimate is unavailable here, not zero.
Five experiments · different tools, classrooms and outcomes
Mathematics grades vs no AI · relative change, %
Practice and unaided exams are different stages. GPT Tutor’s exam estimate is unavailable here, not zero.
Mean module exam score · 0–100
16-week teaching package · AI + knowledge graphs, not an isolated AI effect · six classes
Increase in topic mastery · percentage points
Lower-rated tutors are a subgroup of the full sample; the gains are not additive.
Median score points
Minutes · class assumed / tutor measured median
Within-course effect · standard deviations
Access to an AI tutor · distinct grade and engagement outcomes · October 2026 working paper
