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No compatible survey included
Model development, business adoption and the research base behind them.
No compatible survey included
Broader Epoch catalogue, including variants; not a complete model census.
All R&D, not AI-only investment.
Same source, year and developer-country attribution. The broader catalogue includes versions and sizes. Neither number is the total number of models developed here.
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Annual notable-model entries · developer country · 2020–2025
International collaborations may appear in multiple countries. Counts are not additive market shares or a national AI-strength ranking.Epoch AI · CC BY 4.0 · Complete years through 2025 · incomplete 2026 excluded
These indicators describe all research and development, not AI-only expenditure or AI’s measured economic impact.
6.35% of GDP · all R&D · 2023 · Israel
Comparison uses 2023, the latest common year for this selection. The latest national observation above may be newer.
World Bank WDI / UNESCO Institute for Statistics · % of GDP · all R&DNo common observation year is available for this selection. Latest national observations are shown where available.
World Bank WDI / UNESCO Institute for Statistics · per million people · all R&DEpoch AI · CC BY 4.0 · Model comparisons stop at 2025; incomplete 2026 is excluded. No forward-filled research observations.
No statistically compatible enterprise-adoption series is included for Israel. Missing coverage is not zero adoption.
Epoch’s notable-model selection · developer country · international projects can appear in multiple countries
Jamba 1.5-LargeAI21 LabsMultiBand DiffusionMeta AI,Hebrew University of Jerusalem,LORIAStarCoderHugging Face,ServiceNow,Northeastern University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Carnegie Mellon University (CMU),Johns Hopkins University,Leipzig University,ScaDS.AI,Queen Mary University of London,Roblox,Sea AI Lab,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Monash University,CSIRO,Data61,McGill University,Saama,University of British Columbia (UBC),Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Technical University of Munich,IBM,University of Vermont,UnfoldML,SAP,University of Notre Dame,Columbia University,New York University (NYU),University of Allahabad,Discover Dollar,Toloka,Telefonica,Stanford University,Weizmann Institute of Science,Alan Turing Institute,Wellesley College,EleutherAI,Forschungszentrum JulichAudioGenMeta AI,Hebrew University of JerusalemViT-G (model soup)University of Washington,Columbia University,Google,Meta AI,Tel Aviv UniversityProteinBERTHebrew University of Jerusalem,Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Deep TradingJurassic-1-JumboAI21 LabsCross-lingual alignmentTel Aviv University,Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)