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No compatible survey included
COUNTRY · GB
United Kingdom
Model development, business adoption and the research base behind them.
GB
10 catalogue entries
Broader Epoch catalogue, including variants; not a complete model census.
2.68% of GDP
All R&D, not AI-only investment.
What this model count includes
10Entries in the broader Epoch catalogue
1Entries with a notability criterion
Same source, year and developer-country attribution. The broader catalogue includes versions and sizes. Neither number is the total number of models developed here.
Models behind the count
Epoch · source snapshotLoading source records…
Country research · captured 2026-10-22Data dates
MODEL DEVELOPMENT
United Kingdom in the model-building landscape
Annual notable-model entries · developer country · 2020–2025
International collaborations may appear in multiple countries. Counts are not additive market shares or a national AI-strength ranking.
Loading chartEpoch AI · CC BY 4.0 · Complete years through 2025 · incomplete 2026 excluded
From policy to implementation
AI Growth Zones
5zones designated in the reportA dated infrastructure milestone, reported by the UK government.
The foundations around AI
These indicators describe all research and development, not AI-only expenditure or AI’s measured economic impact.
R&D expenditure
2.68% of GDP · all R&D · 2023 · United Kingdom
Loading chartComparison uses 2023, the latest common year for this selection. The latest national observation above may be newer.
World Bank WDI / UNESCO Institute for Statistics · % of GDP · all R&DR&D researchers
4,472.69per million people · all R&D · 2017 · United Kingdom
Loading chartComparison uses 2017, the latest common year for this selection. The latest national observation above may be newer.
World Bank WDI / UNESCO Institute for Statistics · per million people · all R&DEpoch AI · CC BY 4.0 · Model comparisons stop at 2025; incomplete 2026 is excluded. No forward-filled research observations.
No statistically compatible enterprise-adoption series is included for United Kingdom. Missing coverage is not zero adoption.
Models connected to United Kingdom
Epoch’s notable-model selection · developer country · international projects can appear in multiple countries
Stable Point Aware 3D (SPAR3D)Stability AI,University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC)Octo-BaseUniversity of California (UC) Berkeley,Stanford University,Carnegie Mellon University (CMU),DeepMindAlphaFold 3Google DeepMind,Isomorphic LabsStable Diffusion 3Stability AIRoseTTAFold All-Atom (RFAA)University of Washington,Seoul National University,University of SheffieldStable Diffusion XL (SDXL)Stability AIMed-PaLM 2Google Research,DeepMindStarCoderHugging Face,ServiceNow,Northeastern University,Mila - Quebec AI (originally Montreal Institute for Learning Algorithms),Carnegie Mellon University (CMU),Johns Hopkins University,Leipzig University,ScaDS.AI,Queen Mary University of London,Roblox,Sea AI Lab,Technion - Israel Institute of Technology,Monash University,CSIRO,Data61,McGill University,Saama,University of British Columbia (UBC),Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT),Technical University of Munich,IBM,University of Vermont,UnfoldML,SAP,University of Notre Dame,Columbia University,New York University (NYU),University of Allahabad,Discover Dollar,Toloka,Telefonica,Stanford University,Weizmann Institute of Science,Alan Turing Institute,Wellesley College,EleutherAI,Forschungszentrum Julich